CentOS或RHEL7下图形化界面安装Oracle 11gR2 RAC

由小麦苗 · 发布日期 2022年10月14日 · 已更新 2022年10月17日

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1、环境规划

以下环境在VMware Workstation 15 Pro 下验证实验

\1. 主机环境规划：

设置项	版本
操作系统	CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
GRID 版本	GI 11.2.0.4
数据库版本	Oracle EE 11.2.0.4
db_name	xkdb
节点数	2 Nodes RAC
内存	4G
SWAP	4G

\2. 共享存储规划：

磁盘组	冗余方式	用途	大小
OCR	Normal	OCR,Votedisk表决磁盘等	1Gx3
DATA	External	数据文件、控制文件等	20G
FRA	External	存放归档、闪回文件等	5G

\3. IP地址规划：

节点 hostname	xk1	xk2
public ip	192.168.10.60	192.168.10.61
vip	10.10.10.10	10.10.10.11
private ip	192.168.10.62	192.168.10.63
scan ip	192.168.10.65	192.168.10.65

\4. 虚拟机设置：

每个虚拟机2块网卡，节点之间网卡名称要一致，例如都为ens33 ens34
一块网卡用于业务访问，一块用于心跳网络
用于心跳的网卡设置仅主机模式，另一块NAT

注意：

主机名不要使用大写字母
主机名不能用_线，不建议用-线
主机名长度不要超过8个字符，但是vip、scan ip可以
Oracle RAC数据库节点间通信网络需要使用单独的交换机
实际的存储规划需要根据业务情况确定

2、系统参数配置

这部分是软件安装前的操作系统参数配置，分别在两个节点操作

1.依赖包安装

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common  glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat openssh-clients compat-libcap1   xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth elfutils unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel smartmontools

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat openssh-clients compat-libcap1 xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth elfutils unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel smartmontools

2.关闭防火墙

--关闭防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
--禁止开机启动：
systemctl disable firewalld.service

--关闭防火墙：

systemctl stop firewalld

--禁止开机启动：

systemctl disable firewalld.service

3.关闭SELINUX

参考文档：How to Disable or set SELinux to Permissive mode (Doc ID 457458.1)

setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config

--更改以下内容为disabled，重启操作系统才生效
SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

vi /etc/selinux/config

--更改以下内容为disabled，重启操作系统才生效

SELINUX=disabled

3.关闭透明大页

rac环境下会导致节点重启及性能问题
查看设置前情况

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
[always] madvise never

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

[always] madvise never

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

[always] madvise never

修改设置，加入如下配置

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled;then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag;then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled;then

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag;then

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

设置后需要重启系统

4.创建目录、组和用户

groupadd oinstall -g 1001
groupadd dba -g 1031
groupadd oper -g 1032
groupadd asmadmin -g 1020
groupadd asmdba -g 1021
groupadd asmoper -g 1022
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba,oper -u 1100 grid
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba -u 1101 oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle 
chmod 771 /oracle/
chmod 771 /oracle/app

--修改grid、oracle用户密码
passwd grid
passwd oracle

groupadd oinstall -g 1001

groupadd dba -g 1031

groupadd oper -g 1032

groupadd asmadmin -g 1020

groupadd asmdba -g 1021

groupadd asmoper -g 1022

useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba,oper -u 1100 grid

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba -u 1101 oracle

mkdir -p /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid

mkdir -p /oracle/app

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle

chmod 771 /oracle/

chmod 771 /oracle/app

--修改grid、oracle用户密码

passwd grid

passwd oracle

5.内核参数配置

内核参数的说明参照【安装】CentOS7.7下图形化安装Oracle11gR2 2.9小节说明

--以下参数按照4G物理内存情况下计算
--vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Oracle install config

kernel.shmall = 1048576 
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
##Huge page
vm.nr_hugepages = 1300

--生效命令
sysctl -p

--以下参数按照4G物理内存情况下计算

--vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Oracle install config

kernel.shmall = 1048576

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

##Huge page

vm.nr_hugepages = 1300

--生效命令

sysctl -p

注意：

kernel.sem这个参数
四个数字：第1个数字应约大于Oracle进程数，第2个数字建议是第1和第4个数字的乘积。这个参数能够满足大部分使用，但对于连接数较高（比如单节点8000个连接）可以设置为：
10000 1280000 512 1024
kernel.shmall = physical RAM size / pagesize For most systems, this will be the value 2097152. See Note 301830.1 for more information.前为官方文档说明，但是有些教程是shmmax/pagesize
kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical RAM. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4GB of physical RAM. See Note:567506.1 for more information.
kernel.shmmax定义了单个共享内存段的最大值，要放下整个数据库SGA内存的大小。要大于sga_mas_size，在后面的安装过程中我们设置sga为1.92G小于此处设置
limits文件里配置的memlock要大于或等于kernel.shmmax
vm.nr_hugepages一定要计算正确，错误的设置会导致虚拟机启动失败

6.修改系统profile

--vi /etc/profile,加到unset i上方

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -u 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

--vi /etc/profile,加到unset i上方

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -u 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

7.Limit 配置

--vi /etc/security/limits.conf

#SETTING for ORACLE
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 4096
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock unlimited
oracle soft memlock unlimited

--vi /etc/security/limits.conf

#SETTING for ORACLE

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 4096

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 4096

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard stack 32768

oracle hard memlock unlimited

oracle soft memlock unlimited

8.配置/etc/hosts

hosts文件是Linux系统上一个负责ip地址与域名快速解析的文件，hosts文件包含了ip地址与主机名之间的映射

--vi /etc/hosts
# Public
192.168.10.60 xk1
192.168.10.61 xk2

# Virtual
192.168.10.62 xk1-vip
192.168.10.63 xk2-vip

# Private
10.10.10.10 xk1-priv
10.10.10.11 xk2-priv

# Scan-ip
192.168.10.65 rac-scan

--vi /etc/hosts

# Public

192.168.10.60 xk1

192.168.10.61 xk2

# Virtual

192.168.10.62 xk1-vip

192.168.10.63 xk2-vip

# Private

10.10.10.10 xk1-priv

10.10.10.11 xk2-priv

# Scan-ip

192.168.10.65 rac-scan

9.设置环境变量

grid用户增加：

--vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1   --节点2是 +ASM2
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
export TMOUT=0

--vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 --节点2是 +ASM2

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"

export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

export TMOUT=0

oracle用户增加：

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=xkdb1   --节点2是 xkdb2
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/run
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export GI_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
export PATH=${PATH}:$GI_HOME/bin
export ORA_NLS10=$GI_HOME/nls/data
umask 022
export TMOUT=0

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=xkdb1 --节点2是 xkdb2

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"

export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/run

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

export GI_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

export PATH=${PATH}:$GI_HOME/bin

export ORA_NLS10=$GI_HOME/nls/data

umask 022

export TMOUT=0

10.共享内存段

vi /etc/fstab
--没有的话加入下一行，size=物理内存大小
none        /dev/shm        tmpfs   defaults,size=4G    0    0

--生效
mount -o remount      /dev/shm

vi /etc/fstab

--没有的话加入下一行，size=物理内存大小

none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=4G 0 0

--生效

mount -o remount /dev/shm

11.关闭numa功能

vi /etc/default/grub

在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off" 这一行加上numa=off

--重新编译
grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

vi /etc/default/grub

在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off" 这一行加上numa=off

--重新编译

grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

参考：

12.pam配置

--/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session    required    pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
cat /etc/pam.d/login

--/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

cat /etc/pam.d/login

本人提供Oracle、MySQL、PG等数据库的培训和考证业务，私聊QQ646634621或微信db_bao，谢谢！

13.禁用或删除虚拟网卡virbr0

为防止私有网路原因引起network HB丢失，导致root.sh无法成功执行，需要禁用linux上虚拟网卡，此处操作后在grid安装中就看不到virbr0了

参考：
How to Remove virbr0 and lxcbr0 Interfaces on Oracle Linux (Doc ID 2197674.1)

/bin/systemctl stop libvirtd.service
/bin/systemctl disable libvirtd.service
/bin/systemctl status libvirtd.service

/bin/systemctl stop libvirtd.service

/bin/systemctl disable libvirtd.service

/bin/systemctl status libvirtd.service

14.配置NOZEROCONF

vi /etc/sysconfig/network
--增加如下条目
NOZEROCONF=yes

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

--增加如下条目

NOZEROCONF=yes

参考：
How To Prevent Bogus Entry 169.254.0.0/255.255.0.0 Automatically Added To Routing Table (Doc ID 1161144.1)

15.配置nsswitch.conf

nsswitch.conf保存了域名的检测顺序。某些情况下，NIS（Network Informaion System）可能会导致SCAN域名解析异常，所以需要编辑如下文件设置顺序

vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
--将hosts行修改如下 
hosts:      files dns myhostname nis

vi /etc/nsswitch.conf

--将hosts行修改如下

hosts: files dns myhostname nis

16.avahi-daemon

avahi-daemon该守护进程配合缓存用户程序的答复，以帮助减少因答复而产生的网络流量。
根据官方一些文档已经列出一些BUG，建议关闭。
只要上面NOZEROCONF配置为打开，则avahi-daemon就为其服务

systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

1 2	systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

17.上传安装包到节点1

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
前两个是DB安装包，第三个是grid安装包

cd /opt
mkdir soft/
chmod 777 /opt/soft/
chmod 777 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

3、配置共享存储及UDEV

在VM虚拟机实现共享存储有两种方式

使用Openfiler等存储管理软件
使用VM虚拟机本身添加共享存储

1.方式一：Openfiler

为模拟存储多路径功能，本篇采用Openfiler方式，请参考前序文章
【多路径】CentOS7.7下使用Openfiler+Multipath+UDEV

2.方式二：使用VM虚拟机本身添加共享存储

这种方式比较方便，平常自己搭建测试环境就用这种就好，UDEV同上

关闭rac01、02；
rac01-【编辑虚拟机设置】-【添加】-【硬盘】-【SCSI】-【创建新的虚拟磁盘】-设置磁盘大小，立即分配所有磁盘空间，将虚拟磁盘存储为单个文件-下一步完成-创建完成-确定；
再选中刚才创建的磁盘-【高级】-虚拟设备节点选择SCSI1：0（增加多块盘按顺序选择），勾选独立，永久；
如果【永久】选项是灰色的，就需要修改配置文件找到rac01的文件夹-编辑rac01.vmx这个文件，将下方的全部配置加进去：

scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"（多个磁盘的就加多条）
disk.locking="false"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize="0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize="0"
diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize="0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize="4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites="0"
scsi1.sharedBus="virtual"
scsi1:0.mode = "independent-persistent"(设置为独立模式，如果永久选项是灰色的话添加)

scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"（多个磁盘的就加多条）

disk.locking="false"

diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize="0"

diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize="0"

diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize="0"

diskLib.dataCachePageSize="4096"

diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites="0"

scsi1.sharedBus="virtual"

scsi1:0.mode = "independent-persistent"(设置为独立模式，如果永久选项是灰色的话添加)

启用UUID
还是在虚拟机关闭状态下编辑rac01.vmx文件，增加下面配置

disk.EnableUUID = "TRUE"(启用UUID)

1	disk.EnableUUID = "TRUE"(启用UUID)

rac02设置-添加-硬盘-选择“使用现有虚拟磁盘”-下一步-选择rac01下的rac01-0.vmdk-完成-高级-选择SCSI1：0，勾选独立-确定；
完成上述操作以后，开启虚拟机，使用fdisk -l命令分别在rac01、02查看，注意查询到磁盘盘符一定要相同；

4、grid安装

为解决grid安装BUG需要打两个补丁
参考：Installation walk-through - Oracle Grid/RAC 11.2.0.4 on Oracle Linux 7 (文档 ID 1951613.1)
将两个补丁上传到/opt/soft路径下

1.p19404309_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip补丁安装

unzip /opt/soft/p19404309_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cp b19404309/grid/cvu_prereq.xml /soft/grid/stage/cvu/

--装一个包
cd /opt/soft/grid/rpm
rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

unzip /opt/soft/p19404309_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

cp b19404309/grid/cvu_prereq.xml /soft/grid/stage/cvu/

--装一个包

cd /opt/soft/grid/rpm

rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

2.grid软件安装

cd /opt/soft/grid

--执行命令（根据自己主机IP设置 export DISPLAY=192.168.10.1:0.0）
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

cd /opt/soft/grid

--执行命令（根据自己主机IP设置 export DISPLAY=192.168.10.1:0.0）

./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

说明：
ASM磁盘组使用的是默认的1M AU大小，对于大型数据库，这会造成较多的内存占用，同时对性能略微有些影响，建议对于新增的用于放置数据文件的ASM磁盘组，适当调大AU大小，比如4M或8M（2的幂值）。根据实际经验，建议设置AU 为4m

第一个脚本先在两个节点分别执行
第二个脚本执行前需要先打补丁，因为在7下执行脚本会报错，需要先打p18370031_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip这个补丁

cd /opt/soft
unzip p18370031_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

--节点1：
cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
./opatch napply -local /opt/soft/18370031

--节点2：
scp /opt/soft/p18370031_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip xk2:/opt/
解压安装同上，安装完成用opatch lsinventory命令检查两节点是否打上

cd /opt/soft

unzip p18370031_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

--节点1：

cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

./opatch napply -local /opt/soft/18370031

--节点2：

scp /opt/soft/p18370031_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip xk2:/opt/

解压安装同上，安装完成用opatch lsinventory命令检查两节点是否打上

下面继续执行第二个脚本，这里放一下执行第二个脚本的内容

[root@xk1 OPatch]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
  root wallet
  root wallet cert
  root cert export
  peer wallet
  profile reader wallet
  pa wallet
  peer wallet keys
  pa wallet keys
  peer cert request
  pa cert request
  peer cert
  pa cert
  peer root cert TP
  profile reader root cert TP
  pa root cert TP
  peer pa cert TP
  pa peer cert TP
  profile reader pa cert TP
  profile reader peer cert TP
  peer user cert
  pa user cert
Adding Clusterware entries to oracle-ohasd.service
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'xk1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'xk1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'xk1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'xk1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'xk1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'xk1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'xk1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'xk1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'xk1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'xk1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'xk1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'xk1' succeeded

ASM created and started successfully.

Disk Group OCR created successfully.

clscfg: -install mode specified
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 8d4334c64c694f49bfc095b9ca9a79df.
Successful addition of voting disk 1e4141dd3eab4febbf98bc9a277e4b8f.
Successful addition of voting disk 3d6746c493b54f79bf437ae9308aed30.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   8d4334c64c694f49bfc095b9ca9a79df (/dev/asmdisk1) [OCR]
 2. ONLINE   1e4141dd3eab4febbf98bc9a277e4b8f (/dev/asmdisk2) [OCR]
 3. ONLINE   3d6746c493b54f79bf437ae9308aed30 (/dev/asmdisk3) [OCR]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'xk1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'xk1' succeeded
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

[root@xk1 OPatch]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= grid

ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

Creating trace directory

User ignored Prerequisites during installation

Installing Trace File Analyzer

OLR initialization - successful

root wallet

root wallet cert

root cert export

peer wallet

profile reader wallet

pa wallet

peer wallet keys

pa wallet keys

peer cert request

pa cert request

peer cert

pa cert

peer root cert TP

profile reader root cert TP

pa root cert TP

peer pa cert TP

pa peer cert TP

profile reader pa cert TP

profile reader peer cert TP

peer user cert

pa user cert

Adding Clusterware entries to oracle-ohasd.service

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'xk1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'xk1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'xk1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'xk1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'xk1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'xk1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'xk1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'xk1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'xk1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'xk1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'xk1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'xk1' succeeded

ASM created and started successfully.

Disk Group OCR created successfully.

clscfg: -install mode specified

Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..

Operation successful.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

Successful addition of voting disk 8d4334c64c694f49bfc095b9ca9a79df.

Successful addition of voting disk 1e4141dd3eab4febbf98bc9a277e4b8f.

Successful addition of voting disk 3d6746c493b54f79bf437ae9308aed30.

Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 8d4334c64c694f49bfc095b9ca9a79df (/dev/asmdisk1) [OCR]

2. ONLINE 1e4141dd3eab4febbf98bc9a277e4b8f (/dev/asmdisk2) [OCR]

3. ONLINE 3d6746c493b54f79bf437ae9308aed30 (/dev/asmdisk3) [OCR]

Located 3 voting disk(s).

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'xk1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'xk1' succeeded

Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

点击OK继续

到此grid软件安装完成

5、创建ASM磁盘

最后按照规划创建完成所有磁盘组并退出
将grid用户的ORACLE_HOME写入两个节点root用户的.bash_profile文件中，方便操作

su - root
vi .bash_profile
--添加到PATH行，修改后如下
PATH=$PATH:/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin:$HOME/bin

--使生效
source .bash_profile

su - root

vi .bash_profile

--添加到PATH行，修改后如下

PATH=$PATH:/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin:$HOME/bin

--使生效

source .bash_profile

关于ASM的知识单独写一篇，到这里磁盘组创建完毕

6、database软件安装

之前已经将db软件上传到/opt/soft目录下，分别解压缩

--使用oracle用户解压
su - oracle
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

--使用oracle用户解压

su - oracle

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

执行安装：

cd /opt/soft/database
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

1 2	cd /opt/soft/database ./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

安装到56%报错，这里为CentOS7下安装11gR2的bug，处理方式：
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
先备份，再修改，只改节点1
搜索NMECTL这一行在括号后面加上 -lnnz11 修改保存

继续执行，点击retry

完成

7、dbca建库

su - oracle
dbca

1 2	su - oracle dbca

SGA+PGA要小于物理内存的80%，推荐范围在40-60%
本环境物理内存4G，留给grid集群1G，余3G用于分配SGA+PGA
3Gx80%=2.4G
SGA=2.4x80%=1920M
PGA=2.4.20%=480M
最后2.4/4=60%，在推荐范围内

8、参考

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/olIRhxh0gHECQ9h8_yETJQ

Requirements for Installing Oracle 11.2.0.4 RDBMS on OL7 or RHEL7 64-bit (x86-64) (Doc ID 1962100.1)
Installation walk-through - Oracle Grid/RAC 11.2.0.4 on Oracle Linux 7 (Doc ID 1951613.1)
【安装】CentOS7.7下图形化安装Oracle11gR2

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