合 Oracle单实例备份集恢复到RAC集群

前言部分

导读

各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：

① 单实例环境的备份集如何恢复到rac环境(重点)

② rman恢复数据库的一般步骤

③ rac环境的简单操作

实验环境介绍

源库：11.2.0.1 RHEL6.5 单实例

目标库：11.2.0.1 RHEL6.5 rac环境

本文简介

本文基于如何将单实例的数据库备份恢复到rac环境下，至于rac环境的备份集如何恢复到单实例及rac环境的备份集恢复到rac环境的实验请参考相关文章链接部分。

实验的一些数据库环境参考如下表格：

先描述下大致步骤：

• 源端创建备份集；
• 目标端安装数据库软件和集群件，并配置好共享存储（安装rac的时候一般已经配置好了）；
• 复制源端备份集到目标端；
• 目录端任意节点执行正常恢复，恢复时注意要将 spfile,controlfile,datafile,redofile 等路径改到共享存储上，恢复完后这会儿仍然是个单实例数据库；
• 修改初始化参数、增加 UNDO 表空间、增加 REDOLOG 线程组，重建密钥文件，目标端任意节点执行；
• 目标端各个节点配置监听及网络服务名；
• 将新建的数据库配置到 crs，目标端任意节点执行即可。

实验部分

实验目标

将单实例的备份集成功的恢复到rac环境下，并添加数据库到crs环境。

源库操作

source库上需要做的操作主要是备份和创建测试用户。

静默创建一个单实例的测试库

首先修改归档模式，这样创建的数据库默认为归档模式，然后我们在源库上静默创建一个单实例的库，sid为orastrac，为oracle single instance to rac，关于静默安装数据库参考：

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus -v

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ strings $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc | grep -i arch

\<archiveLogMode>false\</archiveLogMode>

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc

\<?xml version = '1.0'?>

\<DatabaseTemplate name="General_Purpose" description="" version="11.1.0.0.0">

\<CommonAttributes>

\<option name="OMS" value="false"/>

\<option name="JSERVER" value="true"/>

\<option name="SPATIAL" value="true"/>

\<option name="IMEDIA" value="true"/>

\<option name="XDB_PROTOCOLS" value="true">

\<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>

\</option>

\<option name="ORACLE_TEXT" value="true">

\<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>

\</option>

\<option name="SAMPLE_SCHEMA" value="false"/>

\<option name="CWMLITE" value="true">

\<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>

\</option>

\<option name="EM_REPOSITORY" value="true">

\<tablespace id="SYSAUX"/>

\</option>

\<option name="APEX" value="true"/>

\<option name="OWB" value="true"/>

\<option name="DV" value="false"/>

\</CommonAttributes>

\<Variables/>

\<CustomScripts Execute="false"/>

\<InitParamAttributes>

\<InitParams>

\<initParam name="db_name" value=""/>

\<initParam name="dispatchers" value="(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE={SID}XDB)"/>

\<initParam name="audit_file_dest" value="{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/adump"/>

\<initParam name="compatible" value="11.2.0.0.0"/>

\<initParam name="remote_login_passwordfile" value="EXCLUSIVE"/>

\<initParam name="processes" value="150"/>

\<initParam name="undo_tablespace" value="UNDOTBS1"/>

\<initParam name="control_files" value="("{ORACLE_BASE}/oradata/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/control01.ctl", \"{ORACLE_BASE}/flash_recovery_area/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/control02.ctl")"/>

\<initParam name="diagnostic_dest" value="{ORACLE_BASE}"/>

\<initParam name="db_recovery_file_dest" value="{ORACLE_BASE}/flash_recovery_area"/>

\<initParam name="audit_trail" value="db"/>

\<initParam name="memory_target" value="250" unit="MB"/>

\<initParam name="db_block_size" value="8" unit="KB"/>

\<initParam name="open_cursors" value="300"/>

\<initParam name="db_recovery_file_dest_size" value="" unit="MB"/>

\</InitParams>

\<MiscParams>

\<databaseType>MULTIPURPOSE\</databaseType>

\<maxUserConn>20\</maxUserConn>

\<percentageMemTOSGA>40\</percentageMemTOSGA>

\<customSGA>false\</customSGA>

\<archiveLogMode>true\</archiveLogMode>

\<initParamFileName>{ORACLE_BASE}/admin/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/pfile/init.ora\</initParamFileName>

\</MiscParams>

\<SPfile useSPFile="true">{ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile{SID}.ora\</SPfile>

\</InitParamAttributes>

\<StorageAttributes>

\<DataFiles>

"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc" 95L, 4985C written

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ strings $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc | grep -i arch

\<archiveLogMode>true\</archiveLogMode>

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbname orastrac -sid orastrac -sysPassword lhr -systemPassword lhr -responseFile NO_VALUE -datafileDestination /u01/app/oracle/oradata -redoLogFileSize 50 -recoveryAreaDestination /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area -storageType FS -characterSet ZHS16GBK -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 -sampleSchema true -memoryPercentage 30 -totalMemory 200 -databaseType OLTP -emConfiguration NONE -automaticMemoryManagement true

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

10% complete

17% complete

24% complete

35% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

37% complete

42% complete

47% complete

52% complete

53% complete

56% complete

58% complete

Registering database with Oracle Restart

64% complete

Completing Database Creation

68% complete

71% complete

75% complete

85% complete

86% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orastrac/orastrac.log" for further details.

[oracle@orcltest ~]$

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ ORACLE_SID=orastrac

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Jun 1 11:09:02 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter name

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_file_name_convert string

db_name string orastrac

db_unique_name string orastrac

global_names boolean FALSE

instance_name string orastrac

lock_name_space string

log_file_name_convert string

service_names string orastrac

SQL> create user lhr identified by lhr;

User created.

SQL> grant dba to lhr;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table lhr.test_rac as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select count(1) FROM LHR.TEST_RAC;

COUNT(1)

----------

72468

SQL>

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 3

Next log sequence to archive 5

Current log sequence 5

SQL>

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileorastrac.o

ra

SQL>

source库执行备份操作

备份脚本如下，注意控制文件需要最后备份：

run

{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

backup database format '/home/oracle/rmanback/full%n%T%t%s%p.bak';

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rmanback/arch%d%T%s_%p.bak' delete input;

backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/rmanback/ctl%d%T%s_%p.bak';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

执行过程如下：

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 1 11:12:15 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORASTRAC (DBID=1317814272)

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 type disk;

4> allocate channel c2 type disk;

5> backup database format '/home/oracle/rmanback/full%n%T%t%s%p.bak';

6> sql 'alter system archive log current';

7> backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rmanback/arch%d%T%s_%p.bak' delete input;

8> backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/rmanback/ctl%d%T%s_%p.bak';

9> release channel c1;

10> release channel c2;

11> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: SID=142 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2

channel c2: SID=20 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 2015-06-01 11:12:28

channel c1: starting full datafile backup set

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/users01.dbf

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:12:29

channel c2: starting full datafile backup set

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/example01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/undotbs01.dbf

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:12:29

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:26

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881233949_2_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111228 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:59

channel c2: starting full datafile backup set

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:48

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:49

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881234138_3_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111228 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel c2: starting full datafile backup set

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:50

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:51

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881234150_4_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111228 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:15:53

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881233948_1_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111228 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:24

Finished backup at 2015-06-01 11:15:53

sql statement: alter system archive log current

Starting backup at 2015-06-01 11:16:05

current log archived

channel c1: starting archived log backup set

channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=881234164

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:05

channel c2: starting archived log backup set

channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=2 STAMP=881234165

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:06

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:09

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150601_5_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111605 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

channel c1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORASTRAC/archivelog/2015_06_01/o1_mf_1_5bpqmmhbp.arc RECID=1 STAMP=881234164

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:10

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150601_6_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111605 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

channel c2: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORASTRAC/archivelog/2015_06_01/o1_mf_1_6bpqmmo4t.arc RECID=2 STAMP=881234165

Finished backup at 2015-06-01 11:16:10

Starting backup at 2015-06-01 11:16:10

channel c1: starting full datafile backup set

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:11

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2015-06-01 11:16:12

piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_ORASTRAC_20150601_7_1.bak tag=TAG20150601T111610 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2015-06-01 11:16:12

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

RMAN> list backupset;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

1 Full 501.84M DISK 00:02:42 2015-06-01 11:15:11

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111228

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881233949_2_1.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 1

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----

2 Full 1027268 2015-06-01 11:12:29 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/sysaux01.dbf

3 Full 1027268 2015-06-01 11:12:29 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/undotbs01.dbf

5 Full 1027268 2015-06-01 11:12:29 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/example01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

2 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:10 2015-06-01 11:15:48

BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111228

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881234138_3_1.bak

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1027334 Ckp time: 2015-06-01 11:15:38

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

3 Full 80.00K DISK 00:00:00 2015-06-01 11:15:50

BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111228

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881234150_4_1.bak

SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2015-06-01 11:12:28

SPFILE db_unique_name: ORASTRAC

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

4 Full 599.97M DISK 00:03:24 2015-06-01 11:15:52

BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111228

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150601_881233948_1_1.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 4

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----

1 Full 1027267 2015-06-01 11:12:29 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/system01.dbf

4 Full 1027267 2015-06-01 11:12:29 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orastrac/users01.dbf

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

5 41.16M DISK 00:00:02 2015-06-01 11:16:07

BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111605

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150601_5_1.bak

List of Archived Logs in backup set 5

Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time

---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------

1 5 1012317 2015-06-01 11:04:50 1027356 2015-06-01 11:15:59

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

6 2.00K DISK 00:00:02 2015-06-01 11:16:07

BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111605

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150601_6_1.bak

List of Archived Logs in backup set 6

Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time

---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------

1 6 1027356 2015-06-01 11:15:59 1027365 2015-06-01 11:16:05

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

7 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:02 2015-06-01 11:16:12

BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150601T111610

Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_ORASTRAC_20150601_7_1.bak

Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1027386 Ckp time: 2015-06-01 11:16:10

RMAN> list backupset summary;

List of Backups

===============

Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag

------- -- -- - ----------- ------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---

1 B F A DISK 2015-06-01 11:15:11 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111228

2 B F A DISK 2015-06-01 11:15:48 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111228

3 B F A DISK 2015-06-01 11:15:50 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111228

4 B F A DISK 2015-06-01 11:15:52 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111228

5 B A A DISK 2015-06-01 11:16:07 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111605

6 B A A DISK 2015-06-01 11:16:07 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111605

7 B F A DISK 2015-06-01 11:16:12 1 1 NO TAG20150601T111610

RMAN>

将备份传递到target库

这个方法就多了，可以采用ftp上传下载，也可以采用NFS网络文件系统，或者scp命令都可以，这里我们采用scp直接传递到rac环境的第一个节点。

源库scp操作：

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ cd rman_back/

[oracle@orcltest rman_back]$ ll

total 1189660

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