EXPDP导出导入表结构不分配存储空间案例

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因工作需要现需要把一个生产库下的元数据(表定义,索引定义,函数定义,包定义,存储过程)导出到测试库上,本来以为很简单的,可是做的过程发现很多的问题,现记录如下,希望有同样需要的朋友不要再走弯路了。

导读

各位技术爱好者,看完本文后,你可以掌握如下的技能,也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识,~O(∩_∩)O~:

① EXPDP和IMPDP如何导出导入元数据,包括表定义,索引定义,函数定义,包定义,存储过程(重点)

② 表的初始化定义参数initial,及如何批量修改该参数

③ 如何导出DMP文件中的DDL语句(重点)

④ 10g和11g默认情况下有哪些用户及其作用

⑤ linux中的批量替换sed命令

⑥ sqlldr和spool命令

实验环境介绍

源库:10.2.0.1 AIX

目标库:11.2.0.3 RHEL6.5

执行导出工作

确定需要导出的用户

oracle安装好后有很多的系统默认用户,比如sys和system,对于这2个用户里的元数据我们就没有必要再重新导出嘛,不然导入的时候还提示错误,看着实在不好。

官网信息:

All databases created by the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) include the SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP database accounts. In addition, Oracle Database provides several other administrative accounts. Before using these accounts, you must unlock them and reset their passwords.

11g默认用户比较多:

User NameDescriptionSee Also
ANONYMOUSEnables HTTP access to Oracle XML DB.Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide
APEX_030200The account owns the Application Express schema and metadata.Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide
APEX_PUBLIC_USERThe minimally privileged account used for Application Express configuration with Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql.Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide
APPQOSSYSUsed for storing and managing all data and metadata required by Oracle Quality of Service Management.None
BIThe account that owns the Business Intelligence schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas.Oracle Database Sample Schemas
CTXSYSThe Oracle Text account.Oracle Text Reference
DBSNMPThe account used by the Management Agent component of Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor and manage the database.Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration
DIPThe account used by the Directory Integration Platform (DIP) to synchronize the changes in Oracle Internet Directory with the applications in the database.None
DVSYSThere are two roles associated with this account. The Database Vault owner role manages the Database Vault roles and configurations. The Database Vault Account Manager is used to manage database user accounts.Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide
Note: Part of Oracle Database Vault user interface text is stored in database tables in the DVSYS schema. By default, only the English language is loaded into these tables. You can use Oracle Database Vault Configuration Assistant to add more languages to Oracle Database Vault. For the necessary steps, see Appendix C in Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide
EXFSYSThe account owns the Expression Filter schema.None
FLOWS_FILESThe account owns the Application Express uploaded files.Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide
HRThe account that owns the Human Resources schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas.Oracle Database Sample Schemas
IXThe account that owns the Information Transport schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas.Oracle Database Sample Schemas
LBACSYSThe Oracle Label Security administrator account.Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide
MDDATAThe schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing geocoder and router data.Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide
MDSYSThe Oracle Spatial and Oracle Multimedia Locator administrator account.Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide
MGMT_VIEWAn account used by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control.None
OEThe account that owns the Order Entry schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas.Oracle Database Sample Schemas
ORDPLUGINSThe Oracle Multimedia user. Plug-ins supplied by Oracle and third-party plug-ins are installed in this schema.Oracle Multimedia Reference
ORDSYSThe Oracle Multimedia administrator account.Oracle Multimedia Reference
ORDDATAThis account contains the Oracle Multimedia DICOM data model.Oracle Multimedia DICOM Developer's Guide
OUTLNThe account that supports plan stability. Plan stability enables you to maintain the same execution plans for the same SQL statements. OUTLN acts as a role to centrally manage metadata associated with stored outlines.Oracle Database Concepts
ORACLE_OCMThis account contains the instrumentation for configuration collection used by the Oracle Configuration Manager.Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide
OWBSYSThe account used by Oracle Warehouse Builder as its default repository. You must unlock this account after installing the Oracle Database and before launching the Warehouse Builder Repository Assistant.Oracle Warehouse Builder Installation and Administration Guide
OWBSYS_AUDITThis account is used by the Warehouse Builder Control Center Agent to access the heterogeneous execution audit tables in the OWBSYS schema.Oracle Warehouse Builder Installation and Administration Guide
PMThe account that owns the Product Media schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas.Oracle Database Sample Schemas
SCOTTAn account used by Oracle sample programs and examples.Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
SHThe account that owns the Sales History schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas during an Enterprise Edition installation.Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMAThe account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard.Oracle Multimedia Reference
SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USRThe Catalog Services for the Web (CSW) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial CSW cache manager to load all record type metadata, and record instances from the database into the main memory for the record types that are cached.Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide
SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USRThe Web Feature Service (WFS) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial WFS cache manager to load all feature-type metadata, and feature instances from the database into main memory for the feature types that are cached.Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide
SYSThe account used to perform database administration tasks.Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
SYSMANThe account used to perform Oracle Enterprise Manager database administration tasks.Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration
SYSTEMAnother account used to perform database administration tasks.Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
WMSYSThe account used to store the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager.Oracle Database Workspace Manager Developer's Guide
XDBThe account used for storing Oracle XML DB data and metadata.Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide

10g下比较少:

CTXSYSCTXSYSThe Oracle Text accountOracle Text Reference
DBSNMPDBSNMPThe account used by the Management Agent component of Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor and manage the databaseOracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration
LBACSYSLBACSYSThe Oracle Label Security administrator accountOracle Label Security Administrator's Guide
MDDATAMDDATAThe schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing Geocoder and router dataOracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference
MDSYSMDSYSThe Oracle Spatial and Oracle interMedia Locator administrator accountOracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference
DMSYSDMSYSThe Oracle Data Mining account.Oracle Data Mining Administrator's Guide
Oracle Data Mining Concepts
OLAPSYSMANAGERThe account used to create OLAP metadata structures. It owns the OLAP Catalog (CWMLite).Oracle OLAP Application Developer's Guide
ORDPLUGINSORDPLUGINSThe Oracle interMedia user. Plug-ins supplied by Oracle and third party format plug-ins are installed in this schema.Oracle interMedia User's Guide
ORDSYSORDSYSThe Oracle interMedia administrator accountOracle interMedia User's Guide
OUTLNOUTLNThe account that supports plan stability. Plan stability enables you to maintain the same execution plans for the same SQL statements. OUTLN acts as a role to centrally manage metadata associated with stored outlines.Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMASI_INFORMTN_SCHEMAThe account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image StandardOracle interMedia User's Guide
SYSCHANGE_ON_INSTALLThe account used to perform database administration tasksOracle Database Administrator's Guide
SYSMANCHANGE_ON_INSTALLThe account used to perform Oracle Enterprise Manager database administration tasks. Note that SYS and SYSTEM can also perform these tasks.Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration
SYSTEMMANAGERAnother account used to perform database administration tasks.Oracle Database Administrator's Guide

确定需要导出的用户在哪些表空间,及其表初始化时占用的表空间大小

SELECT D.tablespace_name, SUM(D.initial_extent)/1024/1024 initial_extent

FROM DBA_SEGMENTS D

WHERE D.owner IN

(SELECT a.username

FROM DBA_USERS A

WHERE A.account_status = 'OPEN'

AND A.username NOT IN

('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP'))

GROUP BY D.tablespace_name

ORDER BY initial_extent desc ;

EXPDP导出导入表结构不分配存储空间案例

SELECT SUM(D.initial_extent)/1024/1024 initial_extent

FROM DBA_SEGMENTS D

WHERE D.owner IN

(SELECT a.username

FROM DBA_USERS A

WHERE A.account_status = 'OPEN'

AND A.username NOT IN

('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP'))

;

EXPDP导出导入表结构不分配存储空间案例

由此可以知道,创建这些元数据大约需要49G的空间,如果涉及到数据的话,还需要判断数据占用空间,这里一定需要判断这个,不然执行导入的时候会因为表空间不足而不能导入,我第一次导入的时候就是因为这里没有判断导致花费了很长的时间,我一直扩展表空间,但是就是就表空间不足的错误(ORA-01659),想想建表不会花这么大的空间的吧,最后查看了表的定义才知道,原来表初始化的时候就很大,这个问题后边还需要再处理一下的,不然测试库没法导入,当然存储够的话就另当别论了。

ORA-39171: Job is experiencing a resumable wait.

ORA-01659: unable to allocate MINEXTENTS beyond 4 in tablespace DWII_SOR_F_01

确定需要导出的用户中有哪些无效的对象、及总共需要导出的对象数量

这一步也很重要,决定着最终导出结果的正确性验证。

SELECT d.OWNER,count(1)

FROM dba_objects d

WHERE d.OWNER in (SELECT a.username

FROM DBA_USERS A

WHERE A.account_status = 'OPEN'

AND A.username NOT IN

('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP'))

group by d.OWNER;

SELECT d.OWNER,

d.status,count(1)

FROM dba_objects d

WHERE d.OWNER in (SELECT a.username

FROM DBA_USERS A

WHERE A.account_status = 'OPEN'

AND A.username NOT IN

('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP'))

group by d.OWNER, d.status;

SELECT d.OWNER,

d.OBJECT_NAME,

d.OBJECT_TYPE,

d.status

FROM dba_objects d

WHERE d.status = 'INVALID'

and d.owner in (SELECT a.username

FROM DBA_USERS A

WHERE A.account_status = 'OPEN'

AND A.username NOT IN

('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP'));

expdp数据泵利用content=metadata_only导出元数据

导出命令,注意这里不导出数据只导出定义我们采用content=metadata_only来处理:

expdp lhr/lhr directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=lhrsql20150515.dmp logfile=lhrsql20150515.log content=metadata_only schemas=TEST,SQCHECK,DWUSER,DPA,CNYDM,ONL1,LHR,TEST1,FXDM,DWII_ETL,DWUSER1,SOR,DW_ETL,NRDM,NRDM_ETL,FXDM_ETL,LCM2,CNY_ETL

由于是事后写文档,所以这里只贴出导出元数据的日志:

;;;

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on Friday, 15 May, 2015 13:05:54

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

;;;

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Starting "LHR"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": lhr/******** directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=lhrsql20150515.dmp logfile=lhrsql20150515.log content=metadata_only schemas=TEST,SQCHECK,DWUSER,DPA,CNYDM,ONL1,LHR,TEST1,FXDM,DWII_ETL,DWUSER1,SOR,DW_ETL,NRDM,NRDM_ETL,FXDM_ETL,LCM2,CNY_ETL

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DB_LINK

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "LHR"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for LHR.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/log/lhrsql20150515.dmp

Job "LHR"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 13:09:49

接下来就是把导出来的文件利用ftp工具或scp传递到目标端,我这里就直接传到我的虚拟机上吧。

执行导入工作

先建立相应的表空间

根据上边的工作我们知道需要在测试库上建立以下的表空间,我这里都设置的是20M,实际情况下应该根据上边查询出来的结果来设置相应的大小,表空间应用包含用户的默认表空间及用户下对象所在的表空间

create tablespace DWII_CNY_BK_F_01 datafile '+DATA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_DPA_F_01 datafile '+DATA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_DPA_I_01 datafile '+DATA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_DPA_S_01 datafile '+DATA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_SOR_F_01 datafile '+DATA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_SOR_I_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace DW_USER datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SQCHECK datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_CNY_D_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_CNY_F_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_DPA_D_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_DPA_F_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_SORT_T_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace DWII_FXDM_F_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

create tablespace SD_SOR_T_01 datafile '+FRA' size 20M;

如果空间不够,我们可以追加数据文件:alter tablespace DWII_DPA_F_01 add datafile '+FRA' size 50M;

执行导入语句

一般情况下,如果存储够的话,我们把相应的表空间设置大一点之后这里直接执行导入语句就可以了,但是我是在本机的虚拟机里执行的,由前边的情况我们可以知道大约需要49G的空间,这个显然不太合适,哪该怎么办呢?我能想到的办法只有如下2种,如果大家还有好的办法可以给我留言。

① 在源库上修改表的定义后然后再执行导出命令

② 从已经导出来的dmp文件中抽取其中的DDL语句,然后将DDL语句导入到数据库中,update掉其中的STORAGE(INITIAL 参数后再将语句导出到sql文本中执行sql语句,这样可以解决表的定义问题。

③ 从已经导出来的dmp文件中抽取其中的DDL语句,然后利用linux的sed批量替换功能替换掉不正确的参数。

显然,第一种比较方便,也比较快,但是不实用,由于是生产库,参数不能随便修改,我们就采用第二或第三种办法,也可以多演示一种impdp的用法。

导出DMP文件中的DDL语句

我们在impdp的导入命令中添加sqlfile参数后执行导入并不会真正将数据导入到数据库,而会抽取出dmp文件中的DDL语句,如下:

[oracle@rhel6_lhr dpdump]$ impdp lhr/lhr directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=lhrsql20150515.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=lhrsql20150515.sql

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri May 15 15:08:03 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

Master table "LHR"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "LHR"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": lhr/******** directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=lhrsql20150515.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=lhrsql20150515.sql

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DB_LINK

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "LHR"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 15:21:50

[oracle@rhel6_lhr dpdump]$ ll lhrsql20150515.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 65707967 May 15 15:21 lhrsql20150515.sql

[oracle@rhel6_lhr dpdump]$ more lhrsql20150515.sql

-- CONNECT LHR

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 ';

-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

-- CONNECT SYSTEM

CREATE USER "CNY_ETL" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '4686A1050F638F44'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "DW_USER"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE USER "LCM2" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '48BCFDF435352212'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "DWII_SOR_F_01"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE USER "FXDM_ETL" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'EA010AEA839BFA14'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "DW_USER"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE USER "NRDM_ETL" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '54A4A046AEE8B31E'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "DW_USER"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE USER "NRDM" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '1AE3DF7368DF560D'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "SD_CNY_F_01"

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

CREATE USER "DW_ETL" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES '91635F9C0744E7EC'

DEFAULT TABLESPACE "DW_USER"

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